https://clearancemodel.comNational e-invoicing mandates, the EN 16931 model and the networks that carry the documents, explained field by field.en-gbSun, 27 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000https://clearancemodel.com/articles/self-billing-under-e-invoicinghttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/self-billing-under-e-invoicingThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000When the customer writes the invoice, a mandate's assumptions about who issues and who submits run backwards. What the VAT Directive allows and where it strains.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/romania-ro-e-facturahttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/romania-ro-e-facturaThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000Romania cleared every domestic B2B invoice through a state platform from 2024 and added consumer sales in 2025, on a European format and a tight timetable.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/peppol-invoice-responsehttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/peppol-invoice-responseThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000The buyer's answer to a delivered invoice on Peppol: the seven status codes, what each commits the buyer to, and why the message is optional on the network.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/payment-instructions-bg-16https://clearancemodel.com/articles/payment-instructions-bg-16Thu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000How a structured invoice tells the buyer how to pay — the payment means code, the account, the card and the mandate — and the handful of rules that reject a document when that part is wrong.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/invoice-numbering-ruleshttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/invoice-numbering-rulesThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000What Article 226(2) actually asks of an invoice number, why structured invoicing makes the choice of series hard to undo, and a worked design for several systems.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/xrechnung-explainedhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/xrechnung-explainedSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000A national profile of the European standard, maintained by a public body, versioned on a fixed cycle. It is worth understanding as a specimen as much as for its own sake.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/delivery-failures-and-retrieshttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/delivery-failures-and-retriesSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000A sent invoice and a received invoice are different facts. Five classes of delivery failure, who detects each one, who pays for it, and why retry logic only ever answers the first.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/e-invoicing-cost-modelhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/e-invoicing-cost-modelSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Licence and transaction fees are the visible cost and rarely the largest one. A business case built on price per document will be wrong in a direction that is discovered late.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/vida-digital-reportinghttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/vida-digital-reportingSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000The ViDA digital reporting requirements explained: what the VAT in the Digital Age directive changes for intra-Community trade, national regimes and the invoice.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/vat-determination-structured-invoicehttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/vat-determination-structured-invoiceSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000VAT determination moves to the moment of issue once the invoice is structured: place of supply, liability and category, forced into coded fields before sending.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/ubl-vs-cii-syntaxhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/ubl-vs-cii-syntaxSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000One semantic model, two XML syntaxes, and a genuine architectural decision hiding behind what looks like a file-format preference.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/italy-sdi-transmissionhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/italy-sdi-transmissionSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000What happens between submission and delivery in a clearance model, and why the notification the platform returns is the only record of it that anyone else will accept.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/peppol-network-explainedhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/peppol-network-explainedSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000What the Peppol network is: a governance framework for exchanging e-invoices through access points under common agreements, with no central operator in the path.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/france-pdp-modelhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/france-pdp-modelSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000France routes the invoice through registered platforms that also file data about it. One registration covers both jobs, and the participant directory decides whether anything arrives.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/business-controls-audit-trailhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/business-controls-audit-trailSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Most businesses assure their invoices through business controls and could not describe how if asked. The route is free to adopt and expensive to evidence.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/testing-and-validation-stackhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/testing-and-validation-stackSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Four gates stand between a document and acceptance and only three are published. Passing the public ones and failing the fourth in production is the normal project outcome.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/spain-sii-immediate-supplyhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/spain-sii-immediate-supplySat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000The Spanish regime is routinely described as electronic invoicing and is nothing of the kind. It is register reporting on a working-day clock, and it turns reconciliation into a permanent job.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/spain-crea-y-crece-mandatehttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/spain-crea-y-crece-mandateSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Spain legislated a business-to-business e-invoicing obligation and then made it wait for an implementing regulation, while two other obligations arrived in the meantime.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/saf-t-and-standard-audit-fileshttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/saf-t-and-standard-audit-filesSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000What SAF-T is: the OECD standard audit file for tax, how European administrations adopted and changed it, and what producing one demands of your accounts.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/retention-periods-by-countryhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/retention-periods-by-countrySat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Invoice retention periods differ by country in Europe, and the VAT rule is rarely the longest one. How to work out the period that actually binds each document.