https://clearancemodel.comNational e-invoicing mandates, the EN 16931 model and the networks that carry the documents, explained field by field.en-gbThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000https://clearancemodel.com/articles/self-billing-under-e-invoicinghttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/self-billing-under-e-invoicingThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000When the customer writes the invoice, a mandate's assumptions about who issues and who submits run backwards. What the VAT Directive allows and where it strains.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/romania-ro-e-facturahttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/romania-ro-e-facturaThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000Romania cleared every domestic B2B invoice through a state platform from 2024 and added consumer sales in 2025, on a European format and a tight timetable.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/peppol-invoice-responsehttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/peppol-invoice-responseThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000The buyer's answer to a delivered invoice on Peppol: the seven status codes, what each commits the buyer to, and why the message is optional on the network.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/payment-instructions-bg-16https://clearancemodel.com/articles/payment-instructions-bg-16Thu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000How a structured invoice tells the buyer how to pay — the payment means code, the account, the card and the mandate — and the handful of rules that reject a document when that part is wrong.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/invoice-numbering-ruleshttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/invoice-numbering-rulesThu, 24 Sep 2026 08:00:00 +0000What Article 226(2) actually asks of an invoice number, why structured invoicing makes the choice of series hard to undo, and a worked design for several systems.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/xrechnung-explainedhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/xrechnung-explainedSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000A national profile of the European standard, maintained by a public body, versioned on a fixed cycle. It is worth understanding as a specimen as much as for its own sake.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/delivery-failures-and-retrieshttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/delivery-failures-and-retriesSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000A sent invoice and a received invoice are different facts. Five classes of delivery failure, who detects each one, who pays for it, and why retry logic only ever answers the first.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/e-invoicing-cost-modelhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/e-invoicing-cost-modelSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Licence and transaction fees are the visible cost and rarely the largest one. A business case built on price per document will be wrong in a direction that is discovered late.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/vida-digital-reportinghttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/vida-digital-reportingSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Three separate reforms travel under one name, and only one of them touches the invoice. This is what the reporting pillar does to intra-Community transactions and to national regimes.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/vat-determination-structured-invoicehttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/vat-determination-structured-invoiceSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000A structured invoice moves the determination decision forward to the moment of issue and forces it into coded fields. The rules did not change; the tolerance for not having applied them yet did.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/ubl-vs-cii-syntaxhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/ubl-vs-cii-syntaxSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000One semantic model, two XML syntaxes, and a genuine architectural decision hiding behind what looks like a file-format preference.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/italy-sdi-transmissionhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/italy-sdi-transmissionSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000What happens between submission and delivery in a clearance model, and why the notification the platform returns is the only record of it that anyone else will accept.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/peppol-network-explainedhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/peppol-network-explainedSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000A governed network rather than a product: who is allowed to carry documents, what they agree to, and why that agreement is the thing that actually makes interoperability work.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/france-pdp-modelhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/france-pdp-modelSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000France routes the invoice through registered platforms that also file data about it. One registration covers both jobs, and the participant directory decides whether anything arrives.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/business-controls-audit-trailhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/business-controls-audit-trailSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Most businesses assure their invoices through business controls and could not describe how if asked. The route is free to adopt and expensive to evidence.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/testing-and-validation-stackhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/testing-and-validation-stackSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Four gates stand between a document and acceptance and only three are published. Passing the public ones and failing the fourth in production is the normal project outcome.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/spain-sii-immediate-supplyhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/spain-sii-immediate-supplySat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000The Spanish regime is routinely described as electronic invoicing and is nothing of the kind. It is register reporting on a working-day clock, and it turns reconciliation into a permanent job.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/spain-crea-y-crece-mandatehttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/spain-crea-y-crece-mandateSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000Spain legislated a business-to-business e-invoicing obligation and then made it wait for an implementing regulation, while two other obligations arrived in the meantime.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/saf-t-and-standard-audit-fileshttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/saf-t-and-standard-audit-filesSat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000The standard audit file is drawn from the ledger rather than from the invoice, which is precisely why it is the artefact most likely to contradict what you have already reported transactionally.https://clearancemodel.com/articles/retention-periods-by-countryhttps://clearancemodel.com/articles/retention-periods-by-countrySat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0000The VAT Directive leaves the retention period to each Member State, and the tax rule is rarely the longest obligation attached to the same document. Work out the rule, not the number.